Adaptive Information Processing
The AIP model in EMDR is based on the theory that the brain has a natural ability to process and integrate traumatic memories and experiences.
- Adaptive Information Processing: The brain is viewed as an information processing system that is seeking out adaptive functioning and resolution of distressing memories. However, when a person experiences a traumatic event, the information processing system may become overwhelmed, leading to the storage of unprocessed memories.
- Blocked Processing: Traumatic memories can become “stuck” or “frozen” in their original form, with associated negative beliefs, emotions, and physical sensations. These memories can continue to evoke distressing reactions and interfere with daily functioning.
- Dual Attention Stimulus: EMDR therapy uses bilateral stimulation, such as eye movements, sounds, or tactile tapping, to engage both hemispheres of the brain simultaneously. This dual attention stimulus helps to activate the information processing system, facilitating the reprocessing and integration of traumatic memories.
- Reprocessing: During EMDR reprocessing sessions, the therapist guides the client through the reprocessing of traumatic memories. This involves accessing the targeted memory, while simultaneously utilizing bilateral stimulation. As the memory is processed, the client may experience a reduction in distressing emotions and physical sensations, along with a shift in negative beliefs.
- Adaptive Resolution: Through the reprocessing of traumatic memories, the AIP model aims to promote adaptive resolution, where the distressing memory is integrated into the persons existing memory network in a more adaptive and less distressing form. This leads to symptom reduction and improved overall functioning.